Miscellanea Le Romance Lingue per L.M.D Fai algun temp, io scribie de alternatives al Interlingua IALA. Particularment, io parlie de mutare le terminations in nomes et verbs pro melior adjustare les al non-romanic character del lingue. Io tamben propuse scribere plus texts in iste idiom pro videre le results in action. Duminter io facie iste, le lingue que havie in ment inicie ad evolvere plus et plus, al punct que jam non ere le mesme project. In particular, io addie in mie vision del lingue ideas que havie fai multe temp de un lingue romance con Inglese grammatic. Sin le constrictions de havere que adjustare le Interlingua grammatic al mie idiom, io pue pensare in different forms que un romance idiom vel pote evolvere. Le result est iste lingue que io use hic, que io have nominate simplement Romance lingue. Voi explanare in iste text un pauc de sue principal characteristics. Phonetics Le stress scheme in mie Romance lingue est mui simple. Basicment, le penultim syllable vai essere accentuade nel majorite del paroles, con alguns exceptions. Istes son: Adverbs terminate in -ment, unde le accent cade in iste addite syllabe (come le parole ‘ment’ addite al radix, portand le accent). Regular verbs in sue past et gerund form. Le accent tunc est nel ultim syllabe, signalend le verbal temp. Nomes finite in -ie/-ior, unde le accent cade nel anterior syllabe (e.g.: ‘primarie’ pronuntiate /primári’/, con silent e come per le posterior regle). Nomes finite in -ion, unde le accent cade nel final syllabe (e.g.: ‘position’ pronuntiate /positsión/) Le pronuntiation del letters est majoritement regular, tamben con alguns exceptions et specifications al standard del alter romanic lingues: Le letter e in finale positions non est pronuntiate, sed invice marque le stress del anterior syllabe (e.g.: ‘finale’ pronuntiate /finál/) aut le vocalization del anterior consonant (e.g.: ‘multe’ non potest havere sue /t/ omitite per elision, sed ‘est’ potest essere pronuntiate /es’/). Le letter c est pronuntiate /s/ ante e et i, come in occidental romanic lingues. Ante la finale e mentionate prior, le parole est pronuntiate con sue fine in /s/ (e.g.: ‘capace’ pronuntiate /capás/). Le letter g est pronuntiate /ʒ/ ante e et i, come in algun occidental romanic lingues. Ante la finale e mentionate prior, le parole est pronuntiate con sue fine in /ʒ/ (e.g.: ‘interage’ pronuntiate /interáʒ/). Le letter t ante consonant i est pronuntiate /ts/ aut sole /s/, sed non ante vocal i (e.g.: ‘information’ pronuntiate /informa(t)siõ/; sed ‘timore’ est /timór/). Le letter z potest essere pronuntiate /dz/, /ts/ aut sole /z/, sed non /s/. Le letter h potest essere pronuntiate aut non, al preference del usator. Alter differences probablement van essere ellaborate nel future, sed per nunc istes son le principal topics pro havere in ment. Regular Verbs Come hei scripte in mie past text, le designation del Inglese verb system est multe complex per simplement nos satisfare le remotion de qualcun conjugation. Pro le Romance lingue, io volie creare algue verement romanic sed adhuc approximand le Inglese form. Le principal foque del Romance lingue verbs est le distinction inter general et direct use. Usand le verb ‘amare’ come exemple: General singular > io ; elle / il ; se – ame plural > nos ; elles / Ø ; se – amen Direct singular / plural > tu / vos – ames Alter form de describere iste distinction est que le general verb use est generic, duminter le direct use est specific al person con quen se parle. Sole ‘ames’ potest essere usate sin pronomes, jamque est designate ad quen se dirige le parole (tu aut vos). Sed le verb “ame” usate solitariement non have distinction, implicand le sense: “persons generalment ame(n)“. Le plural use in iste case est solament un auxiliar form de associare le subject et verb, non verement necessarie. Le sequend table mostre le principal verb forms in sue conjugations: Normal Verbs Prime (-are) Second (-ere/ire) general direct plural general direct plural Present ame ames amen vole voles volen Past amaie amaies amain volie volies volien Gerund amand volend Infinitive amare volere Participe amate volite Come explicate nel Phonetics section, le Past et Gerund forms haven le parole stress in sue ultim syllabe (e.g.: amaies > /amáis/; volend > /volénd/ aut /volén’/). Irregular Verbs Nondemens, algun verbs nel Romance lingue non son tan regular. Iste verbs normalment son quelles usate in large scale come auxiliar verbs. Initiand con le copular verbs, usate mais amplament nel lingue, nos haven: Copular Verbs Essere Stare Prime Second Terce Plural Prime Second Terce Plural Present sum es est son stoi stas stai stan Imperfect ere eres ere eren stave staies stave staven Perfect fuie fuis fuie fuen stive sties stive stiven Gerund (es)send stand Infinitive (es)sere stare Participe (es)site state Come se pote videre, iste verbs son multe mais complex que le regulars. Elles preserven plus del original Latin conjugation, jam que sue use fuie historicment mais productive pro trasmittere information. Le perfect past non est preservate in qualcun alter verb, in qual case le auxiliar ‘have’ vai ser usate. In iste verb class est tamben expressate le future, imperative et optional forms: Auxiliar Verbs Prime Second Terce Plural Impersonal havere (pret.) hei has have/hai han hai ire (fut.) voi vas vade/vai van vai facere (imp.) — faces/fas face/fai facen fai volere (opt.) vel > velle Iste verbs son mens irregular quan le copulars in sue declination, sed adhuc necessite attention. Come nos poten videre nel sequend table: Irregular Verbs Ire Facere Prime Second Terce Plural singular direct plural Presente voi vais vai van face/fai faces/fas facen Imperfecte ive ives ive iven facie facies facien Gerund iend facend Infinitive ire facere Participe ite fact Le verb ‘havere’ age regularment come un type ‘-ere’ post le present temp, et ‘velle’ est un archaic form del verb ‘volere’, sin sue proper conjugation. Nomes – Substantives Le nominal conjugation del Romance lingue est similare al Inglese in grand part, sed io addie alguns optional elements pro adjutare le comprehension. Initiand con le normal use, nos haven tres principal grups: Paroles finite in simple vocales aut consonants. E.g.: cat; map; pace; home; feme. Paroles finite in -ter conjuncts. E.g.: center; fenester; aster; master. Paroles finite in -ion conjuncts. E.g.: information; suppression. Nel regular use, sole hai un necessarie conjugation: addere s pro tornare le parole plural. Tunc nos haven: cats; maps; centers; asters; informations, etc. Solement le nomes son conjugate, come in Inglese. Le precedent adjectives remanen come nel singular form. Iste model est sufficient pro usare le lingue, come nos poten videre nel text usque ad hic. Sed io volie addere un additional oblique conjugation pro melior adaptare le phrasal constructions del Inglese. Iste conjugation est usate in due forms: Indirect object constructs inter le verb et sue direct object. E.g.: “I gave my cat some food.” > “Io deie mie cate algun cibe.” Saxon genitive constructs, quelles finite in [‘s]. E.g.: “This is my cat’s favorite food.” > “Iste est mie cate favorite cibe.” Le oblique conjugation vai dependere del nominal grup: singular plural singular plural singular plural Nominative cat cats fenester fenesters opinion opinions Oblique cate cates fenestre fenestres opinione opiniones Le addition del final e produce modifications al pronuntiation del parole, reinfortiand le sone del anterior consonant come un geminate letter. E.g.: Prime grup: cat > /cat/ aut /cat/ ante consonants; cate > /catt’/ In paroles que jam terminen in -e, iste effect est indicate al duplicare le letter (e.g.: home /hom/ > homme /homm’/). Second grup: fenester > /fenéster/ aut /fenest’r/; fenestre > /fenésttr’/ Terce grup: opinion > /opinión/ aut /opiniõ/; opinione > /opiniónn’/ Conclusion Adhuc stoi ellaborand le details in le Romance lingue, sed io pensaie que iste breve exposition est un bon commence pro mie project. Algun parts poten definitivement essere mais ellaborate, et io pretende scribere plus texts que exploren sue characteristics.